ELBOW
Mayo Elbow Performance Score
The Mayo Elbow performance score includes 4 subscales
- Pain intensity (Max. 45 points)
- Range of Motion (max. 20 points)
- Stability (max. 10 points)
- Function (max. 25 points)
These are added up for a maximum score of 100, with scores above 90 considered as ‘Excellent’ and scores below 60 rated as ‘Poor’.
Reference:
Morrey BF, An KN, Chao EY. Functional evaluation of the elbow and its disorders. the elbow and its disorders. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. 1985:73-91.
Oxford Elbow Score (OES)
OES is a patient reported measure that contains 12 questions under three domains: Pain, Function and
Social-psychological (4 items in each domain).
Each item response is scored 0 to 4, with 0 representing greater severity. Scores for each domain
are
calculated as the sum of each individual item score within that domain. This is then converted to a
metric of 0 — 100 (lower score representing greater severity) by the following formula –
100 × (𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 / 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒)
The minimal clinically important differences [MCIDs] for the OES Pain, Function and
Socialpsychological scales are approximately 18, 10 and 18 points respectively.
References:
- Dawson J., Doll H., Boller I., Fitzpatrick R., Little C., Rees J., Jenkinson C., and Carr, A. J.; The development and validation of a patient-reported questionnaire to assess outcomes of elbow surgery; J Bone Joint Surg. [Br] (2008) 90-B: 466-473
- Dawson J, Doll H, Boller I, Fitzpatrick R, Little C, Rees J, Carr A. Comparative responsiveness and minimal change for the Oxford Elbow Score following surgery. Qual Life Res. 2008 Dec;17(10):1257-67. doi: 10.1007/s11136-008-9409-3. Epub 2008 Oct 29. PMID: 18958582.
Liverpool Elbow Score (LES)
It was developed in 2004 and consists of two main domains. The first is a six-item physician rated
clinical assessment elbow motion, strength, and ulnar nerve sensitivity. The second is nine-item
patient-answered questionnaire (PAQ) assessing pain, activities of daily living, and recreational
activities.
For calculation of the final score, all responses are equally weighted and are
transformed to a scale
of 0–10. For this, the score of each item is divided by the maximum possible score for that item [4
for
all patient answered items and one clinical item, 3 for other clinical items]. The average of these
individual scores is calculated and multiplied by 10 to get the final score.
The minimal clinically important difference for the LES is estimated to be between 1.6 and 1.8
points
for elbow arthroplasty.
References:
- Sathyamoorthy P, Kemp GJ, Rawal A, Rayner V, Frostick SP. Development and validation of an elbow score. Rheumatology. 2004 Nov 1;43(11):1434-40.
- Vishwanathan K, Alizadehkhaiyat O, Kemp GJ, Frostick SP. Minimal clinically important difference of Liverpool Elbow Score in elbow arthroplasty. JSES Open Access. 2017 Aug 30;1(3):144-148. doi: 10.1016/j.jses.2017.07.004. PMID: 30675558; PMCID: PMC6340916.